评估皮肤状况

评估皮肤类型和状况

与皮肤类型不同，皮肤状况在您的生活过程中变化会很大。 许多内部和外部因素决定皮肤的状况包括：
1）气候和污染
2）药物
3）压力
4）影响皮脂水平的遗传因素
5）皮肤产生的汗液
6）天然保湿因素
7）您使用的产品
8）你选择的护肤品

在选择护肤产品的时候，应该选择适合皮肤类型和皮肤状况的。 皮肤科医生和其他护肤专家通过测量以下因素来确定一个人的皮肤类型状况：

A）衰老的迹象

我们的皮肤类型随着我们一生进化。 那些在青少年时期有油性皮肤类型的人会发现他们的皮肤在青春期后变得干燥，而那些皮肤类型正常的人会发现他们的皮肤随着年龄的增长而变得干燥。

随着皮肤类型的老化，皮肤会失去体积和密度，出现细纹和皱纹，并且可能发生色素沉着的变化。 了解和测量这些衰老迹象有助于我们确定皮肤状况。 

B）肤色

皮肤颜色和种族会影响我们的皮肤对外力的反应，如阳光，色素沉着紊乱，过敏和炎症。 基本肤色由表皮密度和黑色素分布决定。 

皮肤发红也是衡量皮肤状况的有效方法; 它表明我们的血液循环是好的，并有助于识别诸如毛细血管皮肤和酒渣鼻等疾病。

C）皮肤敏感度

敏感性皮肤容易被不同因素而受刺激的皮肤，如护肤品或高低温。对于有些人，  敏感皮肤是永久性的，对于其他人来说，敏感性是由某些内部和外部因素引发的。它发生在皮肤的天然屏障功能受到损害时，导致水分流失并允许刺激物渗透。面部皮肤最容易暴露在阳光下，从阳光到化妆品和清洁剂中的某些成分的因素会加剧症状。

D) 皮脂和汗水的产生
皮脂腺皮脂腺产生的皮脂量控制皮肤屏障功能的效果，从而控制皮肤的状况。 皮脂的过量产生会导致油性，易长痘痘的皮肤，而低皮脂的产生会导致皮肤干燥。

皮肤中的汗腺会产生汗液，帮助身体保持最佳温度。 过多或过少的汗液产生会影响皮肤状况。

E）天然保湿因子（NMF)
天然产生在健康皮肤中，NMF的氨基酸，有助于将水结合到皮肤中，保持其弹性和柔软性，防止其脱水。 当皮肤的保护屏障受损时，通常无法保留这些必需的NMF，因此皮肤水分会减少，并且会影响皮肤状况。

原文翻译：肌肤类型(Eucerin)

Evaluating skin type and condition

Unlike skin type, skin condition can vary greatly during the course of your life. The many internal and external factors that determine its condition include: 
1) climate and pollution
2) medication
3) stress
4) hereditary factors that influence the levels of sebum
5) sweat
6) natural moisturising factors that your skin produces 
7) the products that you use 
8) the skincare choices that you make.

Skincare products should be selected to match skin type and address skin condition. Dermatologists and other skincare experts determine a person’s skin type condition by measuring the following factors:

A) Signs of ageing

Our skin type can evolve during our lifetime. Those with an oily skin type in their teenage years can find their skin becoming drier post-puberty and those with a normal skin type can find their skin getting drier as they age. 

As all skin types age, skin loses volume and density, fine lines and wrinkles appear and changes in pigmentation can occur. Understanding and measuring these signs of ageing helps us to determine the condition of our skin. Read more in skin ageing.

B) Skin colour

Skin colour and ethnicity influences how our skin reacts to external forces such as the sun, pigmentation disorders, irritation and inflammation. Basic skin colour is determined by the density of the epidermis and the distribution of melanin. 

The redness of skin is also a useful measure of skin condition; it indicates how successful our circulation is and can be helpful in identifying conditions such as couperose and rosacea.

C) Skin Sensitivity

Sensitive skin is skin that is easily irritated by different factors, that are generally tolerated by well-balanced skin, such as skin care products or high and low temperatures. For some people, sensitive skin is a permanent condition, for others, sensitivity is triggered by certain internal and external factors. It occurs when skin’s natural barrier function is compromised, causing water loss and allowing penetration of irritants. Symptoms are exacerbated by factors that facial skin is most exposed to, from the sun to some ingredients in cosmetics and cleansers

D) Sebum and sweat production
The amount of sebum produced by the sebaceous glands in skin controls the efficacy of the skin’s barrier function and, as a result, the condition of skin. The overproduction of sebum can lead to oily, acne-prone skin, while low sebum production causes dry skin.

The perspiratory glands in skin produce sweat to help the body to maintain its optimum temperature. Excessive or low sweat production can influence skin condition.

E) Natural Moisturising Factors (NMF’s)
Naturally produced in healthy skin, NMF’s such as amino acids help to bind water into the skin, maintain its elasticity and suppleness and prevent it from becoming dehydrated. When the skin’s protective barrier is damaged it is often unable to retain these essential NMF’s so skin moisture decreases and condition is affected.

Credit: Skin Types by Eucerin